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Keywords
bed sores, pressure sores, pressure ulcers, skin ulcers
Glossary
Pressure
sore: A skin ulcer, also called a bed sore.
Pressure
sores or bed sores are painful skin ulcers that form when constant
pressure on a part of the body shuts down the blood vessels feeding
that area of skin. The resulting damage first appears on the skin
surface as a red or dark patch. As the pressure sore progresses, the
skin will break down to form blisters, dead skin, and ultimately infect
underlying tissues, bones and joints. As little as two hours of sustained
pressure will trigger skin damage. Skin damage can also be exacerbated
by friction and moisture. The surface damage is just the tip of the
iceberg; the real damage lies beneath the skin.
In the early stages, pressure sores can be treated at home by
relieving the pressure, cleaning the sores and applying the appropriate
dressing. In the later stages of severity,
professional medical treatment, possibly, surgery, will be necessary.
Pressure sores are especially prevalent on the lower back and buttocks,
and on bony protruding areas, such as shoulders, hips, knees, heels
and ankles. People who are bed-bound or in wheelchairs are particularly
susceptible.
Things
You Should Know
Pressure sores
- are caused by pressure, friction and moisture
- prolong the amount of time a person spends in the hospital
- increase risk of infection
- increase mortality
- represent an extra $10,000 a year in medical and nursing care costs, per person
Risk
Factors for Pressure Sores
- age
- immobility
- incontinence
- malnutrition and dehydration
- diseases and disorders that slow healing or lessen mental awareness
- diseases and disorders such as confusion or dementia that lessen
mental awareness and may prevent a person from feeling the discomfort
of a harmful body position
- medications, particularly sedatives
Things to Look For
Warning signs of pressure sores
- discoloured, torn or swollen skin, especially over bony areas
- signs of infection skin warmth, swelling, odour, pus
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Seek professional care and treatment immediately
for sores that are getting worse, not healing, or showing
signs of infection. |
Four
stages of severity of pressure sores
- reddened or darkened skin that will not turn white when firmly
pressed
- partial skin loss that may appear as an abrasion, blister or
shallow crater
- full skin loss extending to underlying tissue
- full skin loss extending beyond the underlying tissue to muscle
and bone
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